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Commit 54283166 authored by Ingram Jaccard's avatar Ingram Jaccard
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,jaccard,jaccard-Latitude-E6440,22.01.2021 14:14,file:///home/jaccard/.config/libreoffice/4;
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......@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ Our data show that both of these factors play a role \@ref(fig:figure2). Lower-i
The tendency for energy and carbon intensity to decrease with increasing affluence can be observed at the global level (XXX) between countries and also applies within Europe. In some of the Eastern European countries, between 80% and 100% of the population belong to the four lowest European expenditure deciles. This compares to less than 20% of the population in the higher-income European countries (Scandinavia, Germany, France, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, and Ireland). Note here that our analysis is based on average expenditure data from five income groups at the national level. This aggregation cuts off the lower and higher ends of the respective national expenditure distributions (see SI - Supplementary Note and Map).
The high intensities in the bottom four European expenditure deciles can be attributed in large part to more inefficient and dirtier domestic energy supplies for heating and electricity generation in Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Romania. Poland alone was responsible for about 40% of total coal combustion for heat production in Europe in 2015, and had a higher average intensity of carbon per MJ of heat delivered than both Europe and the world [@werner_international_2017]. These differences in energy and carbon intensities in basic, non-luxury sectors (especially shelter) account for the smaller inequality between expenditure deciles, in terms of environmental footprints compared to raw expenditures.
The high intensities in the bottom four European expenditure deciles can be attributed in large part to more inefficient and dirtier domestic energy supplies for heating and electricity generation in Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Romania. Poland alone was responsible for about 40% of total coal combustion for heat production in Europe in 2015 [@eurostat_eurostat_nodate-2], and had a higher average intensity of carbon per MJ of heat delivered than both Europe and the world [@werner_international_2017]. These differences in energy and carbon intensities in basic, non-luxury sectors (especially shelter) account for the smaller inequality between expenditure deciles, in terms of environmental footprints compared to raw expenditures.
## Inequality across final consumption sectors
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