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Commit 28a4812d authored by Ingram Jaccard's avatar Ingram Jaccard
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......@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ We assess under what conditions European energy inequality is compatible with th
# Materials and methods
We first decomposed national household final demand expenditure in the Environmentally-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EE-MRIO) model EXIOBASE (version3, industry-by-industry) (ref), by income quintile, using European household budget survey (HBS) macro-data from EUROSTAT (ref). The EUROSTAT HBS publishes national data on mean consumption expenditure by income quintile (in purchasing power standard (PPS) euro) and the structure of consumption expenditure by income quintile and COICOP consumption category. We mapped the EXIOBASE sectors to one of the COICOP consumption categories (our mapping can be found in the SI), and used the relative shares of each COICOP consumption category between the income quintiles in the HBS to decompose the EXIOBASE national household final demand expenditure per sector by income quintile as well. We then multiplied this income-stratified EXIOBASE national household final demand expenditure by 'total' energy use and carbon intensities per EXIOBASE sector, calculated in EXIOBASE using standard input-output calculations, to estimate national household energy and carbon footprints stratified by income quintile.
We first decomposed national household final demand expenditure in the Environmentally-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EE-MRIO) model EXIOBASE (version3, industry-by-industry) [@stadler_exiobase_2018], by income quintile, using European household budget survey (HBS) macro-data from EUROSTAT (ref). The EUROSTAT HBS publishes national data on mean consumption expenditure by income quintile (in purchasing power standard (PPS) euro) and the structure of consumption expenditure by income quintile and COICOP consumption category. We mapped the EXIOBASE sectors to one of the COICOP consumption categories (our mapping can be found in the SI), and used the relative shares of each COICOP consumption category between the income quintiles in the HBS to decompose the EXIOBASE national household final demand expenditure per sector by income quintile as well. We then multiplied this income-stratified EXIOBASE national household final demand expenditure by 'total' energy use and carbon intensities per EXIOBASE sector, calculated in EXIOBASE using standard input-output calculations, to estimate national household energy and carbon footprints stratified by income quintile.
The energy footprint is the gross total energy use energy extension in EXIOBASE, which converts final energy consumption in the IEA energy balance data from the territorial to residence principle following SEEA energy accounting (ref - Stadler et al.). The carbon footprint includes CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs and PFCs, from combustion, non-combustion, agriculture and waste, but not land-use change. For both environmental footprints, direct energy use and carbon emissions from households is included, with the total split between shelter, transport and manufactured goods using further data from EUROSTAT on this split.
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......@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ output:
bookdown::word_document2:
fig_caption: yes
reference_docx: "../templates/template.docx" # Insert path for the DOCX file
bibliography: references.bib
bibliography: references-1.bib
csl: "../templates/journal-of-archaeological-science.csl" # Insert path for the bib-style
always_allow_html: true
---
......@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ In this paper our first aim was to decompose an Environmentally-Extended Multi-R
The final demand expenditure, and thus the national footprint, is typically disaggregated into several final demand categories, including households, non-profits serving households, government, gross-fixed capital formation, change in inventories and valuables. To the authors' knowledge, publicly available EE-MRIOs do not decompose their final demand expenditure by income quantile. The underlying distribution of final demand expenditure and footprint across income groups is therefore hidden. In order to decompose the EE-MRIO final demand expenditure and footprint by income quantile, a second data input is needed with information on the income/expenditure distribution. This could be a household budget survey (HBS) decomposed by income quantile or, at a more aggregate level, the national income distribution. In this paper we use:
1) EE-MRIO: EXIOBASE version3 ixi, from: https://zenodo.org/record/3583071#.XjC7kSN4wpY [accessed on 12.03.2020] @stadler_exiobase_2018
1) EE-MRIO: EXIOBASE version3 ixi, from: https://zenodo.org/record/3583071#.XjC7kSN4wpY [accessed on 12.03.2020] [@stadler_exiobase_2018 @stadler_exiobase_2019]
2) HBS: European household budget survey from EUROSTAT, macro-data, from : https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/household-budget-surveys/database [acessed on 22.05.2020]
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