*** | (C) 2006-2019 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
*** | authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
*** | of REMIND and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
*** | AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
*** | REMIND License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
*** | Contact: remind@pik-potsdam.de
*** SOF ./core/bounds.gms
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
*** setting bounds
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
*RP 20160126 set vm_costTeCapital to pm_inco0_t for all technologies that are non-learning
vm_costTeCapital.fx(ttot,regi,teNoLearn) = pm_inco0_t("2005",regi,teNoLearn); !! use 2005 value for the past
vm_costTeCapital.fx(t,regi,teNoLearn) = pm_inco0_t(t,regi,teNoLearn);
*** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** CB 20120402 Set lower bounds on variables to prevent the problem that the conopt solver often doesn't see a benefit from changing variable value away from 0
*** These lower bounds are set so low that they do not restrict the results
*** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** CB 20120402 Lower limit on all P2SE technologies capacities to 1 MW of all technologies and all time steps
loop(pe2se(enty,enty2,te)$((not sameas(te,"biotr")) AND (not sameas(te,"biodiesel")) AND (not sameas(te,"bioeths")) AND (not sameas(te,"gasftcrec")) AND (not sameas(te,"gasftrec"))
AND (not sameas(te,"tnrs"))),
vm_cap.lo(t,regi,te,"1")$(t.val gt 2021) = 1e-6;
);
*** RP 20160405 make sure that the model also sees the se2se technologies (seel <--> seh2)
loop(se2se(enty,enty2,te),
vm_cap.lo(t,regi,te,"1")$(t.val gt 2021) = 1e-6;
);
*RP* Lower bound of 10 kW on each of the different grades for renewables with multiple resource grades
loop(regi,
loop(teRe2rlfDetail(te,rlf),
if( (pm_dataren(regi,"maxprod",rlf,te) gt 0),
vm_capDistr.lo(t,regi,te,rlf)$(t.val gt 2011) = 1e-8;
);
);
);
*RP* no battery storage in 2010:
vm_cap.up("2010",regi,teStor,"1") = 0;
*** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** completely switching off technologies that are not used in the current version of REMIND, although their parameters are declared:
*** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"solhe",rlf) = 0;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"solhe",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"fnrs",rlf) = 0;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"fnrs",rlf) = 0;
*** -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** Traditional biomass use is phased out on an exogeneous time path
*** -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"biotr",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 0;
loop(regi,
if( ( pm_gdp("2005",regi)/pm_pop("2005",regi) ) > 10,
vm_deltaCap.fx("2010",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.80 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2015",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.45 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2020",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.35 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2025",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.25 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2030",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.20 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2035",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.15 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2040",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.10 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2045",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.075 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2050",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.05 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2055",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.05 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
else
vm_deltaCap.fx("2010",regi,"biotr","1") = 1.3 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2015",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.9 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2020",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.7 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2025",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.5 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2030",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.4 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2035",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.3 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2040",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.2 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2045",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.15 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2050",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.1 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
vm_deltaCap.fx("2055",regi,"biotr","1") = 0.1 * vm_deltaCap.lo("2005",regi,"biotr","1");
);
);
$if %cm_GDPscen% == "gdp_SDP" vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"biotr","1")$(t.val gt 2020) = 0.50 * vm_deltaCap.lo(t,regi,"biotr","1");
$if %cm_GDPscen% == "gdp_SSP1" vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"biotr","1")$(t.val gt 2020) = 0.65 * vm_deltaCap.lo(t,regi,"biotr","1");
$if %cm_GDPscen% == "gdp_SSP5" vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"biotr","1")$(t.val gt 2020) = 0.65 * vm_deltaCap.lo(t,regi,"biotr","1");
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*LP* implement switch for scenarios with or without carbon sequestration:
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if ( c_ccsinjecratescen eq 0, !!no carbon sequestration at all
vm_co2CCS.fx(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") =0;
);
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*RP* implement switch for scenarios with different carbon capture assumptions::
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (cm_ccapturescen eq 2, !! no carbon capture at all
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ngccc",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"pcc",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"pco",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ccsinje",rlf) = 0;
*** vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ccscomp",rlf) = 0; !! technologies disabled in REMIND 1.7
*** vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ccspipe",rlf) = 0; !! technologies disabled in REMIND 1.7
*** vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ccsmoni",rlf) = 0; !! technologies disabled in REMIND 1.7
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"gash2c",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"igccc",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"coalftcrec",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"coalh2c",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioftcrec",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioh2c",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioigccc",rlf) = 0;
elseif (cm_ccapturescen eq 3), !! no bio carbon capture:
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioftcrec",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioh2c",rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"bioigccc",rlf) = 0;
elseif (cm_ccapturescen eq 4), !! no carbon capture in the electricity sector
loop(emi2te(enty,"seel",te,"cco2")$( sum(regi_capturescen,pm_emifac("2020",regi_capturescen,enty,"seel",te,"cco2")) > 0 ),
loop(te2rlf(te,rlf),
vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,te,rlf) = 0;
);
);
);
*DK* switching technologies off that produce liquids from lignocellulosic biomass
if (c_bioliqscen eq 0, !! no bioliquids technologies
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioftrec",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioftcrec",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioethl",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
* vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"bioftcrec",rlf) = 0;
* vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"bioftrec",rlf) = 0;
* vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"bioethl",rlf) = 0;
);
*DK* switching technologies off that produce hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass
if (c_bioh2scen eq 0, !! no bioh2 technologies
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioh2",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioh2c",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
* vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"bioh2c",rlf) = 0;
* vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"bioh2",rlf) = 0;
);
*NB* controlling for readyness of advanced bio-energy technologies (introduced for EMF33)
if(c_abtrdy gt 2010,
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioftrec",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioh2",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioigcc",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioftcrec",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioh2c",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioigccc",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioethl",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 1.0e-6;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioftrec",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioh2",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioigcc",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioftcrec",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioh2c",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioigccc",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
* vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,"bioethl",rlf)$(t.val lt c_abtrdy AND t.val gt 2005) = 0;
);
*NB* controlling for investment cost of advance bio-energy technologies (introduced for EMF33)
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioftrec") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioftrec");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioh2") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioh2");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioigcc") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioigcc");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioftcrec") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioftcrec");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioh2c") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioh2c");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioigccc") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioigccc");
pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioethl") = c_abtcst * pm_data(regi, "inco0","bioethl");
***--------------------------------------------------------------------
*RP no CCS should be used in a BAU run, and no CCS at all in 2010
***--------------------------------------------------------------------
vm_cap.fx("2010",regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
if(cm_emiscen = 1,
vm_cap.fx(t,regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
);
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** Fix nuclear to historic values
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (cm_startyear le 2015,
loop(regi,
p_CapFixFromRWfix("2015",regi,"tnrs") = max( pm_aux_capLowerLimit("tnrs",regi,"2015") , pm_NuclearConstraint("2015",regi,"tnrs") );
p_deltaCapFromRWfix("2015",regi,"tnrs") = ( p_CapFixFromRWfix("2015",regi,"tnrs") - pm_aux_capLowerLimit("tnrs",regi,"2015") )
/ 7.5;
p_deltaCapFromRWfix("2010",regi,"tnrs") = ( p_CapFixFromRWfix("2015",regi,"tnrs") - pm_aux_capLowerLimit("tnrs",regi,"2015") )
/ 7.5;
vm_cap.fx("2015",regi,"tnrs","1") = p_CapFixFromRWfix("2015",regi,"tnrs");
);
);
if (cm_startyear le 2020, !! require the realization of at least 50% of the plants that are currently under construction and thus might be finished in the time period 2018-2022
vm_deltaCap.lo("2020",regi,"tnrs","1") = 0.5 * pm_NuclearConstraint("2020",regi,"tnrs") / 5;
vm_deltaCap.up("2020",regi,"tnrs","1") = pm_NuclearConstraint("2020",regi,"tnrs") / 5;
);
if (cm_startyear le 2025 AND cm_nucscen ge 2, !! upper bound calculated in moinput/R/calcCapacityNuclear.R: 50% of planned and 30% of proposed plants, plus extra for lifetime extension and newcomers
vm_deltaCap.up("2025",regi,"tnrs","1") = pm_NuclearConstraint("2025",regi,"tnrs") / 5;
);
if (cm_startyear le 2030 AND cm_nucscen ge 2, !! upper bound calculated in moinput/R/calcCapacityNuclear.R: 50% of planned and 70% of proposed plants, plus extra for lifetime extension and newcomers
vm_deltaCap.up("2030",regi,"tnrs","1") = pm_NuclearConstraint("2030",regi,"tnrs") / 5;
);
display p_CapFixFromRWfix, p_deltaCapFromRWfix;
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*RP* implement switch for scenarios with different nuclear assumptions:
*** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** FS: swtich on fnrs only in nucscen 0 and 4, (2 is default)
if (cm_nucscen gt 0 AND cm_nucscen ne 4,
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"fnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010)= 0;
vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"fnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010) = 0;
);
*mh no tnrs:
if (cm_nucscen eq 3,
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010) = 0;
vm_cap.lo(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010)= 0;
);
* no new nuclear investments after 2020, until then all currently planned plants are built
if (cm_nucscen eq 5,
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf)$(t.val gt 2020)= 0;
vm_cap.lo(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf)$(t.val gt 2015) = 0;
);
*FS: nuclear phase-out by 2040
if (cm_nucscen eq 7,
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi_nucscen,"peur","seel","tnrs")$(t.val ge 2040) = 0;
);
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
*** *DK* Phaseout of 1st generation biofuel technologies
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
if(cm_1stgen_phaseout=1,
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"bioeths",rlf)$(t.val gt 2030) = 0;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"biodiesel",rlf)$(t.val gt 2030) = 0;
);
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
*mh Implementation of scenarios where capacities are fixed at BAU level:
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
if (cm_emiscen ne 1,
if (c_solscen eq 3,
vm_cap.up(t,regi,"spv",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010) = p_boundtmp(t,regi,"spv",rlf);
);
if (cm_nucscen eq 4,
vm_cap.up(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010) = p_boundtmp(t,regi_nucscen,"tnrs",rlf);
vm_cap.up(t,regi_nucscen,"fnrs",rlf)$(t.val ge 2010) = p_boundtmp(t,regi_nucscen,"fnrs",rlf);
);
);
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
*mh bounds that narrow the solution space to help the conopt solver:
*** -----------------------------------------------------------
*nr* cumulated capacity never falls below initial cumulated capacity:
vm_capCum.lo(ttot,regi,teLearn)$(ttot.val ge cm_startyear) = pm_data(regi,"ccap0",teLearn);
*nr: floor costs represent the lower bound of learning technologies investment costs
vm_costTeCapital.lo(t,regi,teLearn) = pm_data(regi,"floorcost",teLearn);
*cb 20120319 avoid negative adjustment costs in 2005 (they would allow the model to artificially save money)
v_adjFactor.fx("2005",regi,te)=0;
vm_emiMacSector.lo(t,regi,enty) = 0;
vm_emiMacSector.lo(t,regi,"co2luc")= -5.0; !! afforestation can lead to negative emissions
vm_emiMac.fx(t,regi,"so2") = 0;
vm_emiMac.fx(t,regi,"bc") = 0;
vm_emiMac.fx(t,regi,"oc") = 0;
*** -------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** Exogenous values:
*** -------------------------------------------------------------------------
***----
*RP* fix capacities for wind, spv and csp to real world 2010 and 2015 values:
***----
loop(te$(sameas(te,"spv") OR sameas(te,"csp") OR sameas(te,"wind")),
vm_cap.lo("2015",regi,te,"1") = 0.95 * p_histCap("2015",regi,te)$(p_histCap("2015",regi,te) gt 1e-10);
vm_cap.up("2015",regi,te,"1") = 1.05 * p_histCap("2015",regi,te)$(p_histCap("2015",regi,te) gt 1e-10);
*additional bound on 2020 expansion: at least yearly as much as in 2016,2017 average
vm_deltaCap.lo("2020",regi,te,"1") = (p_histCap("2018",regi,te)-p_histCap("2015",regi,te))/3;
);
vm_cap.up("2015",regi,"csp",'1') = 1e-5 + 1.05 * vm_cap.lo("2015",regi,"csp","1"); !! allow offset of 10MW even for countries with no CSP installations to help the solver
*RR* set lower bounds to spv installed capacity in 2020 to reflect the massive deployment in recent years to 2018 historical values plus a conservative estimation of expected additional deployment until 2020 (+10% per year).
vm_cap.lo("2020",regi,"spv","1")$(p_histCap("2018",regi,"spv")) = p_histCap("2018",regi,"spv")*(1+0.1)**2;
*CB* additional upper bound on 2020 deployment: doubling of historic rate plus 2 GW for solar and wind, and 500 MW for CSP
loop(regi,
loop(te$(sameas(te,"spv") OR sameas(te,"csp") OR sameas(te,"wind")),
vm_deltaCap.up("2020",regi,te,"1") = max(2*(p_histCap("2018",regi,te)-p_histCap("2015",regi,te))/3,2*(p_histCap("2018",regi,te)-p_histCap("2017",regi,te)),0.006$(sameas(te,"spv")) + 0.0055$(sameas(te,"wind"))+0.0005$(sameas(te,"csp")));
);
);
*** lower bound on capacities for ngcc and ngt for regions defined at the p_histCap file
loop(te$(sameas(te,"ngcc") OR sameas(te,"ngt")),
*** vm_cap.lo("2010",regi,te,"1")$p_histCap("2010",regi,te) = 0.75 * p_histCap("2010",regi,te);
vm_cap.lo("2015",regi,te,"1")$p_histCap("2015",regi,te) = 0.75 * p_histCap("2015",regi,te);
);
*** fix emissions to historical emissions in 2010
*** RP: turned off in March 2018, as it produces substantial negative side-effects (requiring strong early retirement in 2010, which influences the future investments even in Reference scenarios)
*** vm_emiTe.up("2010",regi,"co2") = p_boundEmi("2010",regi) ;
*** lower bound on stored CO2
vm_emiTe.lo(ttot,regi,"cco2") = 0;
*** -------------------------------------------------------
*** Advanced technologies shouldn't be built prior to 2015/2020:
*** -------------------------------------------------------
loop(regi,
loop(teNoLearn(te),
if( ( pm_data(regi,"tech_stat",te) eq 2 ) ,
vm_deltaCap.fx("2010",regi,te,rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.lo("2010",regi,te,rlf)=0;
vm_cap.lo("2015",regi,te,rlf)=0;
elseif ( pm_data(regi,"tech_stat",te) eq 3 ),
vm_deltaCap.fx("2010",regi,te,rlf) = 0;
vm_deltaCap.fx("2015",regi,te,rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.lo("2010",regi,te,rlf)=0;
vm_cap.lo("2015",regi,te,rlf)=0;
vm_cap.lo("2020",regi,te,rlf)=0;
);
);
);
*CB 2012024 -----------------------------------------------------
*CB allow for early retirement at the start of free model time
*CB ------------------------------------------------------------
***decrease variable dimensions
vm_capEarlyReti.up(ttot,regi,te) = 0;
***generally allow full early retiremnt for all fossil technologies without CCS
vm_capEarlyReti.up(ttot,regi,te)$(teFosNoCCS(te)) = 1;
*** FS: allow nuclear early retirement (for nucscen 7)
vm_capEarlyReti.up(ttot,regi,"tnrs") = 1;
***restrict early retirement to the modeling time frame (to reduce runtime, the early retirement equations are phased out after 2110)
vm_capEarlyReti.up(ttot,regi,te)$(ttot.val lt 2009 or ttot.val gt 2111) = 0;
*cb 20120224 lower bound of 0.01% to help the model to be aware of the early retirement option
vm_capEarlyReti.lo(ttot,regi,te)$(teFosNoCCS(te) AND ttot.val gt 2011 AND ttot.val lt 2111) = 0.0001;
vm_capEarlyReti.lo(ttot,regi,"tnrs")$(ttot.val gt 2011 AND ttot.val lt 2111) = 0.0001;
*cb 20120301 no early retirement for dot, they are used despite their economic non-competitiveness for various reasons.
vm_capEarlyReti.fx(ttot,regi,"dot")=0;
*** -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*DK 20100929 Bound on CCS injection rate
*** -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** default value (0.5%) is consistent with Interview Gerling (BGR)
*** http://www.iz-klima.de/aktuelles/archiv/news-2010/mai/news-05052010-2/
*** 12 Gt storage potential in Germany, 50-75 Mt/a injection => 60 Mt/a => 60/12000=0.005
*LP* if c_ccsinjecratescen=0 --> no CCS at all and vm_co2CCS is fixed to 0 before, therefore the upper bound is only set if there should be CCS!
*** -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if ( c_ccsinjecratescen gt 0,
loop(regi,
***vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"tco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = pm_dataccs(regi,"quan","1")*sm_ccsinjecrate
vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = pm_dataccs(regi,"quan","1") * sm_ccsinjecrate;
);
);
*** fix 2010 emissions to historic projections when running a policy scenarios without fixing the 2010 time step to a BAU run. This way, the gdx are better suited for later runs that are based on baselines until 2010 or longer.
*AJS*02122014 Exclude this bound in nash cases, as trying to limit global emissions there will lead to infeasibilities
$ifi %optimization% == "negishi" if( (cm_startyear le 2010 AND cm_emiscen > 1), vm_emiAllGlob.fx('2010','co2') = 8.9 + 1.46; ); !! 8.9 is fossil emissions + cement, 1.4 land use
*** strong reliance on coal-to-liquids is not consistent with SSP1 storyline, therefore limit their use in the SSP 1 and SSP2 policy scenarios
$ifthen %c_SSP_forcing_adjust% == "forcing_SSP1"
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pecoal","seliqfos","coalftrec")$(t.val gt 2050) = 0.00001;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pecoal","seliqfos","coalftcrec")$(t.val gt 2010) = 0.00001;
$endif
$ifthen %c_SSP_forcing_adjust% == "forcing_SSP2"
if(cm_emiscen gt 1,
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pecoal","seliqfos","coalftcrec")$(t.val gt 2010) = 0.00001;
);
$endif
*** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*RP* Upper limit on CCS deployment in 2020-2030
*LP* if c_ccsinjecratescen=0 --> no CCS at all and vm_co2CCS is fixed to 0 before, therefore the upper bound is only set if there should be CCS!
*** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if ( c_ccsinjecratescen gt 0,
vm_co2CCS.up("2020",regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = pm_boundCapCCS(regi);
vm_co2CCS.up("2025",regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = pm_boundCapCCS(regi);
);
loop(regi,
if( (pm_boundCapCCS(regi) eq 0),
vm_cap.fx("2020",regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx("2025",regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
);
);
loop(regi,
if( (p_boundCapCCSindicator(regi) eq 0),
vm_cap.fx("2025",regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
vm_cap.fx("2030",regi,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
);
);
*AL* fixing prodFE in 2005 to the value contained in pm_cesdata("2005",regi,in,"quantity"). This is done to ensure that the energy system will reproduce the 2005 calibration values.
*** Fixing will produce clearly attributable errors (good for debugging) when using inconsistent data, as the GAMS accuracy when comparing fixed results is very high (< 1e-8).
***vm_prodFE.fx("2005",regi,se2fe(enty,enty2,te)) = sum(fe2ppfEn(enty2,in), pm_cesdata("2005",regi,in,"quantity") );
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"gasftrec",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 0.0;
vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"gasftcrec",rlf)$(t.val gt 2005) = 0.0;
$ontext
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
*** *RP* Chinese depoyment of coal power plants and coal use in industry was probably not only demand-driven, but also policy-driven (faster than demand). Therefore, we implement lower bounds on coal power plants and solid coal use:
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
if (cm_startyear le 2015,
vm_cap.lo("2015","CHN","pc","1") = 0.75; !! WEO says 826GW in 2013, 980 in 2020
vm_cap.lo("2010","CHN","coaltr","1") = 0.79; !! IEA says ~27EJ in 2010. In REMIND, a coaltr cap of 0.647 is equivalent to an FE solids coal level of 20.5 EJ, thus 25*0.647/20.5 = 0.79
vm_cap.lo("2015","CHN","coaltr","1") = 0.88; !! IEA says ~29.7EJ in 2012. In REMIND, a coaltr cap of 0.647 is equivalent to an FE solids coal level of 20.5 EJ, thus 28*0.647/20.5 = 0.88
);
$offtext
$if %c_SSP_forcing_adjust% == "forcing_SSP1" vm_deltaCap.up(t,regi,"coalgas",rlf)$(t.val gt 2010) = 0.00001;
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
*** H2 Curtailment
*** -------------------------------------------------------------
***Fixing h2curt value to zero to avoid the model to generate SE out of nothing.
***Models that have additional se production channels should release this variable (eg. RLDC power module).
loop(prodSeOth2te(enty,te),
vm_prodSeOth.fx(t,regi,"seh2","h2curt") = 0;
);
***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** Lower bounds on hydro
***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** as most of the costs for hydro are for the initial building, it is unlikely that existing hydro plants are not renovated, even if a completely new plant would not be economic
*** accordingly, set lower bound on hydro generation close to 2005 values
vm_prodSe.lo(t,regi,"pehyd","seel","hydro")$(t.val > 2005) = 0.99 * o_INI_DirProdSeTe(regi,"seel","hydro");
***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** make sure the model doesn't use technologies beyond grade 1
***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** for pe2se, se2se and se2fe the other grades should not be used
vm_deltaCap.fx(t,regi,te,rlf)$( (NOT rlf.val eq 1) AND ( teSe2rlf(te,"1") OR teFe2rlf(te,"1") ) ) = 0;
vm_cap.fx(ttot,regi,te,rlf)$((NOT rlf.val eq 1) AND ( teSe2rlf(te,"1") OR teFe2rlf(te,"1") ) ) = 0;
***----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** fix F-gas emissions to inputdata (IMAGE)
***----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** cm_startyear eq 2015 - SPA0
*** cm_startyear gt 2015 - SPAx
vm_emiFgas.fx(tall,all_regi,all_enty) = f_emiFgas(tall,all_regi,"%c_SSP_forcing_adjust%","%cm_rcp_scen%","%c_delayPolicy%",all_enty);
display vm_emiFgas.L;
*AL* Bugfix. For some reason the model cannot reduce the production of district heating to 0
*AL* where it should be 0. Not fixings can account for this
*AL* Fixing vm_prodSe to 0 avoids the problem
loop ((in,in2) $ (sameAs(in,"feheb") and sameAs(in2,"fehei")),
loop ((t, regi) $ ( (sameAs(t,"2010") OR sameAs(t,"2015"))
AND
((pm_cesdata(t,regi,in,"quantity") + pm_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset_quantity")
+ pm_cesdata(t,regi,in2,"quantity") + pm_cesdata(t,regi,in2,"offset_quantity")
) eq 0)
AND
(sum(ttot$(ttot.val lt 2005), vm_deltacap.up(ttot,regi,"biochp","1")) eq 0)) ,
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pegas" ,"seel","gaschp") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pecoal" ,"seel","coalchp") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pecoal" ,"sehe","coalhp") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pegeo" ,"sehe","geohe") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pesol" ,"sehe","solhe") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pebiolc","seel","biochp") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pebiolc","sehe","biohp") = 0;
vm_prodSe.up(t,regi,"pegas","sehe","gashp") = 0;
);
);
*** EOF ./core/bounds.gms